Unit3 The land down under 重难点解析

一、重点词汇及其用法
1.fellow n.& adj.
n.（常用复数，用以构成复合词）同伴；同志
school fellows同学
bed fellows同床者
Her fellows share her interest in computers.
她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。
adj.同伴的；同类的；同事的
fellow creatures 同类动物
fellow countryman 同胞
fellow traveler旅伴；同路人
口语中有时指“男人；小伙子”
Poor fellow!可怜的小伙子！
2.claim vt.（根据权利）要求或索要；声称；宣称
She claims ownership of the land.
她对这块土地的产权提出要求。
He claims（that）he is related to the Queen.
他声称和女王有亲属关系。
claim sth. back 要回某物；索回
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.
货物有损坏，可以要求退钱。
3.govern v.
（1）统治；控制，治理
In Britain elected representatives of the people govern the country.
在英国治理国家的是民选的代表。
（2）支配某事物；决定
Self-interest governs all his actions.
他的所作所为皆取决于一己之利。
n.government 统治；控制；支配
governor 州长，省长
4.resemble vt.（不用于被动语态和进行时态）
resemble sb./sth.（in sth.） 与（他人或他物）相似；像……
She resembles her brother in looks.
她和她弟弟长得很像。
n.resemblance
resemblance（between A and B）相似；相像
There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.
这两个男孩有某些相似之处。
5.transform vt.改变，使转化，使改观
常用于“transform...into...”
A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.
房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。
A steam engineer transforms heat into power.
蒸汽机把热转化成动力。
adj. transformable 可改变外观或性质的
n. transformation（外观或性质的）改变，改观；转变
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
他结婚之后性格判若两人。
6.differ vi.不同；相异
differ from sb./ sth.与某人/某事物不同，有区别
In this aspect, French differs from English/French and English differ.
在这方面，法语不同于英语。
differ with/from sb.about/on sth.不同意；持异议
I’m sorry to differ with you on that.
对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。
“I beg to differ.”表示与某人意见不一致。
n.difference
difference between A and B不同之处；差别；变化
It’s easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.
区别糖和盐是很容易的。
make a/no/some difference（to sb./ sth.）
（对某人/某事物）有/没有/有些作用或影响。
It makes no difference（to me）what you say: I’m not going.
不管你怎么说（对我来说）都无所谓，反正我不去。
adj. different
7.while
（1）引导时间状语从句，表示的时间只能是一段时间，而when引导时间状语从句表示的时间可以是

时间点，也可以是时间段。
They arrived while we were having dinner.
他们来的时候我们正在吃饭。
（2）表示对比，意为“而，但是”。
He is a worker while I am a doctor.
他是工人而我是医生。
（3）表示“尽管，虽然”，多放于句首。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
尽管我能理解你所说的，但却无法赞同。
（4）表示“只要”。
There will be life while there is water and air.
只要有水和空气，就会有生命。
8.suffer
（1）vt.受到，遭受，蒙受，后接pain, defeat, loss, poverty, hunger等名词。
His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
他的腿断了，遭受了巨大痛苦的折磨。
（2）常用于短语suffer from...，意为“受……的折磨，患某种疾病，有某种缺陷”。
In the old days, peasants suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.
在旧社会，农民们饥寒交迫。
9.round up 聚拢；征集；搜捕
The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.
向导把游客们聚集在一起，又把他们带回到海滨。
The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.
牧羊犬把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。
10.strengthen v.加强；巩固；变强
The current strengthened as we moved down the river.
我们顺流而下时，水流更急了。
This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave.
最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心。
n. strength 力气；力量；强度
He is a man of great strength.
他是个强壮的男子。
二、词组及相关用法
1.break out（指火灾、疾病、战争、暴乱等）突然发生
break away from 脱离；放弃（习惯等），打破（陈套）
break into破门而入；突然……起来
break in闯入；打断
break up拆散；分裂；分解
break down毁掉；垮，坍塌；身体垮下来
break off折断，打断
2.times表示倍数法
A是B的x倍，可表示为：
A be x times the size/height/length of B
A be x times as big/high/long as B
A be x-1 time bigger/higher/longer than B
A be bigger/higher/longer than B by x-1 times
如：这个房间是那个房间的3倍。
This room is three times the size of that one.
This room is three times as big as that one.
This room is twice bigger than that one.
This room is bigger than that one by twice.